MUC1 (Mucin 1)
- Used for: Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer.
- Why it’s good: Overexpression of MUC1 is seen in many cancers, making it a broad biomarker.
- Limitation: It can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions as well.
Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is a tumor-associated glycoprotein frequently studied as a biomarker for cancer, particularly gastric and gynecological malignancies. Here’s a detailed overview based on current research: Overview and Diagnostic Role Prognostic and Monitoring Value Detection Technologies Age and Gender Effects Therapeutic Potential Conclusion CA72-4 is a valuable biomarker for monitoring and prognosis in…
CEA is a cell adhesion molecule normally produced during fetal development. In adults, it is usually undetectable in the blood, but it may be re-expressed and elevated in certain cancers, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung cancers (Vrba et al., 1975). 🧪 Diagnostic Applications 📈 Prognostic Value 🧪 CEA in Non-Gastrointestinal Cancers 🧪 CEA…
CA‑125 (Cancer Antigen 125): What It Is and Why It Matters CA‑125 is a high‑molecular‑weight glycoprotein found on the surface of certain cells inside the body. It is best known as a biomarker used in the detection and monitoring of ovarian cancer, although elevated levels can appear in several other conditions as well. In clinical…
KRAS mutations are among the most common oncogenic drivers in human cancers, notably in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. The KRAS gene encodes a protein that functions as a molecular switch, regulating cell growth and division. Mutations, particularly at codon 12 (such as G12D), impair the protein’s GTPase activity, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. KRAS…
CA125 (Cancer Antigen 125)
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)